Role prompting: instructing the model to respond by adopting a specific role or persona (e.g. "act as a lawyer specializing in...") to adjust tone and focus. Prompt chaining: breaking a complex task into a sequence of simpler prompts, where the output of one feeds into the input of the next.
In GENAI-L (Domain 3, section 3.2) these are listed alongside zero-shot, one-shot, and few-shot as prompting techniques the exam expects you to recognize along with their corresponding use cases.
Role prompting and prompt chaining is a concept that can show up on the exam. Check the full guide to see it in context.