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D5 · Trust and security with Google Cloud

Google Cloud security services

, , Cloud KMS, Secret Manager, , Chrome Enterprise Premium, and .

Perimeter protection and threats

Cloud Armor

WAF (Web Application Firewall) and DDoS protection for applications behind Cloud Load Balancing. Blocks layer 3/4 attacks (volumetric DDoS) and layer 7 attacks (SQLi, XSS, OWASP Top 10).

Predefined OWASP Top 10 rules
Rate limiting by IP or geography
Adaptive Protection: ML to detect DDoS attacks
Block/allow lists by IP, region, or user agent

Security Command Center (SCC)

Central security and risk management platform for the entire GCP organization. Detects misconfigurations, vulnerabilities, and active threats.

Asset inventory: lists all resources in the org
Vulnerability management: CVEs, misconfigurations
Threat detection: anomalous activity, malware, crypto mining
Integration with Google Security Operations and external SIEMs

Key and secret management

Cloud KMS (Key Management Service)

Manages cryptographic keys in an HSM (Hardware Security Module) administered by Google. Creates, rotates, and destroys keys to encrypt data in GCP and in your applications.

Customer-managed keys (CMEK) for , , etc.
Programmable automatic key rotation
HSM: keys on dedicated hardware certified FIPS 140-2
Cloud EKM: external keys (in your own HSM)

Secret Manager

Securely stores secrets (API keys, passwords, certificates). Eliminates hardcoding credentials in code or environment variables.

Versioning: every update creates a new version. Easy rollback.
Access with : granular roles (secretmanager.secretAccessor)
Automatic rotation: notifies via Pub/Sub (e.g., to Cloud Run functions) on rotation
Audit logs: every access to a secret is recorded in Cloud Audit Logs

Google Security Operations, Chrome Enterprise Premium, and VPC Service Controls

Google Security Operations

Google's cloud-native SIEM (Security Information and Event Management), formerly called Chronicle. Ingests and analyzes petabytes of security logs at scale. Detects threats using Google Threat Intelligence.

Main use case

Enterprises that need to correlate logs from multiple sources to detect sophisticated threats.

Chrome Enterprise Premium (Zero Trust)

Google's Zero Trust implementation (formerly BeyondCorp Enterprise). Access to apps is based on identity + device state + context, not on whether you are inside the corporate VPN. It originated from how Google works internally.

Main use case

Remote or hybrid workforce that needs secure access to corporate apps without a VPN.

VPC Service Controls

Creates a security perimeter around GCP services to prevent data exfiltration. Restricts which projects or identities can access GCP APIs (BigQuery, Cloud Storage) from outside the perimeter.

Main use case

Sensitive data in BigQuery or Cloud Storage where you need to guarantee it is not copied outside the corporate environment.

Cloud Identity

Identity and device management (IDaaS). Users and groups to access GCP and Google Workspace without requiring Gmail accounts. Integrates with LDAP/Active Directory directories.

Main use case

Enterprises that want to manage corporate identities in GCP without full Google Workspace.

Quick comparison of security services

NeedService
Protect a web app from DDoS and SQLi attacksCloud Armor
See all vulnerabilities and misconfigurations in my orgSecurity Command Center
Manage encryption keys (CMEK)Cloud KMS
Securely store API keys and passwordsSecret Manager
Analyze security logs to detect intrusionsGoogle Security Operations
VPN-free access based on identity and device stateChrome Enterprise Premium
Prevent BigQuery data from being copied to external VPC Service Controls
Manage corporate users to access GCPCloud Identity

Compliance, data sovereignty, and trust principles

Compliance and certifications

Google Cloud has more than 150 regulatory compliance certifications. This makes it easier for customers to meet their own regulatory obligations.

ISO 27001/27017/27018: information security
SOC 1, SOC 2, SOC 3: security and availability controls
PCI DSS: credit card payments
HIPAA: health data in the U.S.
GDPR: personal data in the European Union
Compliance Reports Manager: download certifications for audits

Data sovereignty and residency

Data sovereignty refers to the right of a country or company to control where its data resides and who can access it, according to local laws.

Data residency: choose specific regions where your data is stored (GDPR in the EU, LGPD in Brazil)
Organization Policies: restrictions so data never leaves approved regions
Assured Workloads: additional controls for regulated sectors (government, healthcare, finance)
Google does not sell customer data or use it for advertising

Google Cloud trust principles

Transparency

Google publishes Transparency Reports on government requests and Cloud Audit Logs so customers can see who accesses their data.

Independent audits

Certified third parties regularly audit Google Cloud's infrastructure and security controls.

Your data is yours

Customer data is not used to train Google's models or for advertising. You can delete it whenever you want.

Google's restricted access

Google employees do not access customer data by default. Access Transparency logs every exceptional access.

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Test what you just learned

A financial services company stores sensitive customer data in BigQuery. Their main concern is that an administrator with access could copy that data to a personal GCP project. Which service should they implement to prevent this?

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